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data-wp-footnote=\"footnote\">1<\/sup>\u4e8c\u6218\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u89d2\u9010\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u7248\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5206\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u201d\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b55\u80b2\u65b0\u5174\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6447\u7bee\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4004\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4004\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4004 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-1-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-1-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-1-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-1.jpg 1065w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4004\" 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data-wp-footnote=\"footnote\">3<\/sup>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ad9\u7a33\u811a\u8ddf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4005\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4005\" style=\"width: 1003px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4005 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1003\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-2.jpg 1003w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-2-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-2-768x613.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4005\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9a6c\u6765\u7518\u699c\u7684\u6d77\u4eba\uff0c1890\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\uff08\u6797\u5e86\u6750\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4006\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4006\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4006 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-3-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4006\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6d77\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8222\u8228\u6a21\u578b\uff0c1986\u5e74\u3002\uff08\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u542f\u8499\u89c9\u9192<strong style=\"font-size: 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data-wp-footnote=\"footnote\">4<\/sup>\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f17\u5e1d\u56fd\u4ee5\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u884c\u4f7f\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u533a\u57df\u4e5f\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7275\u6d89\u8fdb\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u501f\u52a9\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u8499\u6587\u660e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5f15\u9886\u4e16\u754c\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u6269\u5f20\u6743\u529b\u3001\u79ef\u7d2f\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0e\u62d3\u5c55\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5e26\u7ed9\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8499\u6627\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u65e7\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u542f\u8499\u6587\u660e\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u901a\u884c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u975e\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u65e9\u671f\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u96c6\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u52301648\u5e74\u300a\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u7acb\u3002<sup data-wp-footnote=\"footnote\">5<\/sup>\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u9010\u6e10\u89c9\u9192\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u683c\u5916\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u591a\u5143\u65cf\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u66fe\u662f\u5404\u65b9\u79fb\u6c11\u5f80\u6765\u9646\u6d77\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u62e9\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e4b\u6240\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5f53\u5c40\u80af\u5b9a\u8fdc\u8d70\u4ed6\u4e61\u3001\u95ef\u8361\u4e16\u754c\uff08<em>merantau<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5e76\u85c9\u6b64\u63a8\u52a8\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002<sup data-wp-footnote=\"footnote\">6<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c1a\u672a\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u539f\u662f\u67d4\u4f5b\u738b\u56fd\u4e2d\u4eba\u53e3\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u5c5e\u5370\u5ea6\u7ba1\u8f96\u7684\u6d77\u5ce1\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4ecd\u662f\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u73af\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d41\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8d38\u6613\u5f80\u6765\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79fb\u6c11\u5e26\u7740\u5404\u81ea\u6587\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u660e\u3001\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6587\u660e\u6216\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4007\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4007\" style=\"width: 531px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4007 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"531\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-4.jpg 531w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-4-199x300.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 531px) 100vw, 531px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4007\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e00\u540d\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6559\u58eb\uff0c1938\u5e74\u81f31939\u5e74\u3002\uff08\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u9986\u85cf\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u7269\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u6b27\u6d32\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u5c5e\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6b63\u662f\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u30021945\u5e74\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5c9b\u5c7f\u57ce\u5e02\u6ce8\u5b9a\u6210\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e0e\u672c\u533a\u57df\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u65e2\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u591a\u5143\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u4e2d\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u542f\u8499\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5206\u88c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f15\u53d1\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7531\u4e9a\u6d32\u5f3a\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u5927\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u672c\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u6446\u8131\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u542f\u8499\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u5ba3\u79f0\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u5370\u5c3c\u548c\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u94fa\u8def\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u5bf9\u542f\u8499\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u6fc0\u52b1\u672c\u533a\u57df\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u594b\u8d77\u62b5\u6297\u4f01\u56fe\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u52bf\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4008\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4008\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4008 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-5-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-5-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdnculture.singaporeccc.org.sg\/sccc-culturepaedia\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-212-5.jpg 1199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4008\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u65e5\u672c\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e0e\u6fb3\u6d32\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u56fe\uff0c1942\u5e74\u3002\uff08\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u9986\u85cf\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u7269\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u6b96\u6c11\u5217\u5f3a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u6700\u4e3a\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u5df2\u65e0\u529b\u9547\u538b\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d1\u8d77\u9769\u547d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u6b96\u8005\u575a\u6301\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4fdd\u7559\u4e3a\u5370\u5c3c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u4f01\u56fe\u5ef6\u7eed\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u9762\u5bf9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u654c\u5bf9\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6253\u8d25\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u3001\u51b7\u6218\u5c40\u52bf\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9f13\u52a8\u6cd5\u56fd\u963b\u6320\u8d8a\u5357\u5b9e\u73b0\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5219\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u64a4\u79bb\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5f52\u8fd8\u7f05\u7538\u81ea\u7531\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f6c\u5411\u63a7\u5236\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u53ca\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e0e\u5c9b\u5c7f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\u6d32\u5217\u5f3a\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7586\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\u7684\u6784\u60f3\uff0c\u5c06\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u66f4\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u6218\u7565\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5373\u5217\u5f3a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u6218\u80dc\u56fd\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u597d\u6218\u7684\u5f3a\u6743\u5e1d\u56fd\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u63a8\u52a8\u542f\u8499\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u575a\u4fe1\u542f\u8499\u6587\u660e\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u4e16\u754c\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u518d\u6b21\u7206\u53d1\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u201c\u6587\u660e\u4f7f\u547d\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5217\u5f3a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u6211\u9769\u65b0\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7eb3\u5165\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5171\u548c\u8054\u90a6\u201d\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u660e\u4e5f\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u4fe8\u7136\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u62e5\u6709\u4ee3\u7406\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\u3002\u5728\u672c\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5cd9\u5728\u8d8a\u6218\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u968f\u7740\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u8005\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u706f\u5854\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u65e9\u572840\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u672c\u533a\u57df\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u6211\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u90bb\u8fd1\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u6108\u53d1\u4e30\u5bcc\u800c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u6210\u957f\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u95f4\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u533a\u57df\u518d\u6559\u80b2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u4e24\u9879\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6211\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data-wp-footnote=\"footnote\">7<\/sup>\u4e8c\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.languagecouncils.sg\/mandarin\/en\/learning-resources\/singaporean-mandarin-database\/terms\/association-of-southeast-asian-nations-asean\">\u4e9a\u7ec6\u5b89<\/a>\u201d\u4ece\u521d\u671f\u4e94\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u5982\u4eca\u5b8c\u6574\u5341\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e07\u9686\u4f1a\u8bae\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u654c\u5bf9\u9635\u8425\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\u6307\u7684\u662f\u534e\u6c99\u6761\u7ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u516c\u7ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u572829\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4f1a\u56fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5360\u4e86\u516b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5317\u8d8a\u4e0e\u5357\u8d8a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u8001\u631d\u3001\u5370\u5c3c\u3001\u7f05\u7538\u548c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u516d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e07\u9686\u7cbe\u795e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5174\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u660e\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u6e34\u671b\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u672a\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u51b7\u6218\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5728\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65f6\u5c40\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e9a\u7ec6\u5b89\u201d\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u8d8a\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u521b\u59cb\u7684\u4e94\u56fd\u5305\u62ec\u521a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e0\u529b\u626d\u8f6c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u5357\u534a\u5c9b\u6218\u5c40\u4e2d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u4e0e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6b63\u7ecf\u5386\u201c\u5206\u5bb6\u201d\u4e4b\u75db\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u80a9\u8d1f\u7740\u5c06\u5176\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u800c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8270\u5de8\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u521b\u59cb\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u672c\u571f\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u8fdb\u5404\u9886\u57df\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u62b5\u5fa1\u90a3\u4e9b\u6253\u7740\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u201d\u65d7\u53f7\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a8\u7ffb\u65e2\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e0e\u4f17\u6587\u660e\u5171\u5b58<strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9a\u7ec6\u5b89\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6d6a\u6f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u5efa\u8bbe\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u613f\u666f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u6587\u83b1\u4e0e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u201c\u4e4c\u739b\u201d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002<sup data-wp-footnote=\"footnote\">8<\/sup>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u76f8\u9694\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ca\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5171\u540c\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u7f05\u7538\u3001\u8001\u631d\u548c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5b\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u8d8a\u5357\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fd1\u4ee3\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u56e0\u534e\u4eba\u5360\u591a\u6570\u800c\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u884c\u653f\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5f53\u521d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5c06\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c6\u4e3a\u542f\u8499\u6587\u660e\u590d\u5174\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u5c42\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5404\u5730\u6587\u5316\u603b\u80fd\u4ece\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u62e9\u5176\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u652f\u6301\u672c\u533a\u57df\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u540c\u613f\u666f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5174\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u6c72\u53d6\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u7586\u754c\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e13\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6587\u5316\u878d\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9a\u7ec6\u5b89\u5404\u56fd\u5df2\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u4ece\u5bb9\u5e94\u5bf9\u53d8\u5c40\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u65e2\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u9009\u62e9\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u575a\u5b88\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bba\u56fd\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\u4f55\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8d85\u8d8a\u56fd\u754c\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4fdd\u6301\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9000\u5b88\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u9700\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7aed\u529b\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u534e\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u4e9a\u7ec6\u5b89\u5404\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81f4\u529b\u4e0e\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u6587\u660e\u548c\u8c10\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div data-wp-box=\"box\">\u7f16\u6309\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u8282\u9009\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u81ea\u738b\u8d53\u6b66\u4e13\u4e66<em>Living with Civilisation: Reflections on Southeast Asia&#8217;s Local and National Cultures<\/em>\uff08\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u6280\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2023\u5e74\uff09\u53ca\u540c\u540d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u2014\u7eb3\u4e39\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IPS-Nathan Lectures by Professor Wang Gungwu \u2014 Lecture I\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g4_icDjnvfI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><figure data=\"figcaption-data\"><figcaption>\u738b\u8d53\u6b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u201c\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff0c2022\u5e7411\u670822\u65e5\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><pre style=\"display:none\" data=\"sidecaption-data\">\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u6587\u660e<\/pre><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IPS-Nathan Lectures by Professor Wang Gungwu \u2014 Lecture II\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YhceQacsnI8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><figure data=\"figcaption-data\"><figcaption>\u738b\u8d53\u6b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u6d0b\u5f00\u653e\u201d\uff0c2022\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><pre style=\"display:none\" data=\"sidecaption-data\">\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u6d0b\u5f00\u653e<\/pre><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IPS-Nathan Lectures by Professor Wang Gungwu \u2014 Lecture III\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/h0t36Y855TM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><figure data=\"figcaption-data\"><figcaption>\u738b\u8d53\u6b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u201c\u88ab\u542f\u8499\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c2023\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><pre style=\"display:none\" data=\"sidecaption-data\">\u88ab\u542f\u8499\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3<\/pre><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IPS-Nathan Lectures by Professor Wang Gungwu \u2014 Lecture IV\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/diggijt8tk4?start=11&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><figure data=\"figcaption-data\"><figcaption>\u738b\u8d53\u6b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u5171\u5b58\u201d\uff0c2023\u5e743\u67088\u65e5\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure><pre style=\"display:none\" data=\"sidecaption-data\">\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u5171\u5b58<\/pre><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff08civilisation\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u6587\u5316\u201d\uff08culture\uff09\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u591a\u79cd 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